Germline Mutations in Predisposition Genes in Pediatric Cancer
- PMID: 26580448
- PMCID: PMC4734119
- DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1508054
Germline Mutations in Predisposition Genes in Pediatric Cancer
Abstract
Background: The prevalence and spectrum of predisposing mutations among children and adolescents with cancer are largely unknown. Knowledge of such mutations may improve the understanding of tumorigenesis, direct patient care, and enable genetic counseling of patients and families.
Methods: In 1120 patients younger than 20 years of age, we sequenced the whole genomes (in 595 patients), whole exomes (in 456), or both (in 69). We analyzed the DNA sequences of 565 genes, including 60 that have been associated with autosomal dominant cancer-predisposition syndromes, for the presence of germline mutations. The pathogenicity of the mutations was determined by a panel of medical experts with the use of cancer-specific and locus-specific genetic databases, the medical literature, computational predictions, and second hits identified in the tumor genome. The same approach was used to analyze data from 966 persons who did not have known cancer in the 1000 Genomes Project, and a similar approach was used to analyze data from an autism study (from 515 persons with autism and 208 persons without autism).
Results: Mutations that were deemed to be pathogenic or probably pathogenic were identified in 95 patients with cancer (8.5%), as compared with 1.1% of the persons in the 1000 Genomes Project and 0.6% of the participants in the autism study. The most commonly mutated genes in the affected patients were TP53 (in 50 patients), APC (in 6), BRCA2 (in 6), NF1 (in 4), PMS2 (in 4), RB1 (in 3), and RUNX1 (in 3). A total of 18 additional patients had protein-truncating mutations in tumor-suppressor genes. Of the 58 patients with a predisposing mutation and available information on family history, 23 (40%) had a family history of cancer.
Conclusions: Germline mutations in cancer-predisposing genes were identified in 8.5% of the children and adolescents with cancer. Family history did not predict the presence of an underlying predisposition syndrome in most patients. (Funded by the American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities and the National Cancer Institute.).
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Comment in
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Defining Why Cancer Develops in Children.N Engl J Med. 2015 Dec 10;373(24):2373-5. doi: 10.1056/NEJMe1513921. Epub 2015 Nov 18. N Engl J Med. 2015. PMID: 26580096 No abstract available.
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Genetic mutations in paediatric cancer.Lancet Oncol. 2016 Jan;17(1):e8. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00548-3. Epub 2015 Nov 27. Lancet Oncol. 2016. PMID: 26631830 No abstract available.
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Germline Mutations in Predisposition Genes in Pediatric Cancer.N Engl J Med. 2016 Apr 7;374(14):1391. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1600338. N Engl J Med. 2016. PMID: 27050224 No abstract available.
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Germline Mutations in Predisposition Genes in Pediatric Cancer.N Engl J Med. 2016 Apr 7;374(14):1390-1. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1600338. N Engl J Med. 2016. PMID: 27050225 No abstract available.
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Heterozygous PALB2 Mutation in a Boy with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Subsequent Metastatic Ewing Sarcoma.Klin Padiatr. 2021 May;233(3):141-144. doi: 10.1055/a-1404-3243. Epub 2021 Mar 26. Klin Padiatr. 2021. PMID: 33772500 English. No abstract available.
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